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Study PsychiatryThe history of mental disorders goes way back to the prehistoric times, ancient civilizations, middle ages, the early modern period, the enlightenment and the modern times. Evolutionary psychology proposes that the underlying genetic dispositions, psychological mechanisms and socials needs were in existence although some of the mental disorders may have developed from a mismatch between the prehistoric environments and the modern conditions. In the history of Egypt and Mesopotamia, documents describe the mental illness states in thinking and attention as well as emotional distresses in the heart or mind. In India, fictional descriptions of depression and anxiety were contained in the Hindu scriptures known as Ramayana and Mahabharata. Chinese primarily treated mental disorders with traditional Chinese Medicine by herbs, acupuncture and emotional therapy. Hebrews and Israelites on the other hand considered mental disorders are problems that existed between human and God. Middle Ages in Europe suggested that the conception of madness was a mixture of the divine, diabolical, magical and transcendental. Because mental health is such a challenge, more and more individuals are interested in studying it. A psychiatrist is a medical physician who specializes in the field of psychiatry through the utilization of the biomedical approach and is certified to treat mental illnesses. They are all trained in diagnostic evaluation and psychotherapy. Psychiatrists can also prescribe psychiatric medications, conduct physical examinations, order and interpret laboratory test results and electroencephalograms and can also order brain imaging studies such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning. Several psychiatric practitioners specialize in particular age groups. Child and adolescent psychiatrists address the psychological problems of children and teenagers; geriatric psychiatrists work with the elderly; and those that practice psychiatry in the workplace are called organizational and occupational psychiatrists. There are also psychiatrists who work in the courtroom and report to the judge and jury for both criminal and civil court cases also known as forensic psychiatrists. The requirements for Psychiatry vary from country to country. In the United States of America and Canada, an individual must first complete a Bachelor’s Degree. The students are free to choose any major however they are required to enroll in specific courses that are outlined in a pre-medical program. The student must then apply and attend four years of medical school to earn their M.D. or D.O and complete their medical education. The student must then practice as a psychiatric resident for four years duration in the United States and in Canada, five years. This extended schooling allows a comprehensive training that includes diagnosis, psychopharmacology, medical care issues and the latest psychotherapies. In the United States, all accredited psychiatry residencies require a proficiency in cognitive-behavioral therapies, brief psychodynamic and supportive therapies. They are also often required to complete at least a four post-graduate months of internal medicine or pediatrics and another two months for neurology on the first year. After the completion, psychiatrists are to take a written and oral board examination. It takes approximately 8 years to complete the required post-baccalaureate work in the field of Psychiatry in the United States. |
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