The Government in Mongolia

The government and politics of Mongolia is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It consists of the Executive (government), Legislative (government and parliament), and Judiciary (independent of the formers) branches. Administratively, Mongolia is made-up of 21 Aimags (provinces) and 1 municipality. The local khurals are chosen by the 21 aimags including the capital city Ulan Bator.

The Executive office is consists of the President, present is Nambaryn Enkhbayar, and the Prime Minister, present is Sanjaagiin Bayar. The President acts as the head of state, commander in chief of the armed forces, leader of the national Security Council. Nominees for presidency are nominated by the State Great Khural (SGH) and the president is chosen through popular voting for a 4-year term. The Primer Minister acts as the head of the government and is nominated by the President with the endorsement of the SGH for 4-year tenure. The unicameral parliament of Mongolia is the State Great Khural which consists of 76 members for a 4-year term in single-seat constituencies. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body in the country. The newly adopted Mongolian Constitution authorizes the General Council of Courts (GCC) to appoint all judges furthermore protect their rights. Then SGKh and the President affirm the nominees of the GCC. The administrative, civil, and criminal records exist at levels and are not dependent with the Supreme Court.

Some of the major political parties in Mongolia include the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (was the dominating party of the Mongolian People’s Republic from 1921 to 1996 and from 2000 to 2004), Democratic Party (created in 2000 as a result of the merger of the MNDP and MSDP), Republican Party, New National Party, People’s Party, Civic Will Party, Mongolian Green Party, and Motherland Party.