{"id":2529,"date":"2014-11-08T14:49:40","date_gmt":"2014-11-08T13:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.spainexchange.com\/?p=2529"},"modified":"2026-10-09T13:47:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T13:47:07","slug":"tribunal-supremo-supreme-court-spain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.spainexchange.com\/articles\/tribunal-supremo-supreme-court-spain\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribunal Supremo, Supreme Court of Spain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Tribunal Supremo is the highest court in Spain for civil, criminal, administrative and labour cases. It sits in Madrid, in the former convent of the Salesas Reales. This post explains what the court does, how it is organised, where it comes from and what a visitor or law student can see of it.<\/p>\n<h2>What the Tribunal Supremo is<\/h2>\n<p>Article 123 of the Spanish Constitution defines the Tribunal Supremo as the highest judicial body in all branches of justice, with jurisdiction over the whole of Spain, except for constitutional guarantees. Those belong to a separate court, the Tribunal Constitucional, which decides, among other things, appeals against laws on grounds of unconstitutionality. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-12666\">Ley Org\u00e1nica del Poder Judicial<\/a> adds that the court has its seat in Madrid and that no other court may carry the title &#8220;Supremo&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.poderjudicial.es\/cgpj\/es\/Poder-Judicial\/Tribunal-Supremo\/Informacion-institucional\/Que-es-el-TS\/\">the court&#8217;s own description<\/a>, it stands at the top of the system of appeals and is responsible for a uniform interpretation of case law in Spain. Its main work is deciding appeals in cassation and review. The Criminal Chamber also investigates and tries cases against the President of the Government, ministers, deputies and senators.<\/p>\n<p>Under article 62 of the Constitution, the King exercises the right of pardon in accordance with the law, which may not authorise general pardons.<\/p>\n<h2>The five chambers and the special chambers<\/h2>\n<p>The law divides the court into five chambers (salas):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sala Primera<\/strong>: civil law<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sala Segunda<\/strong>: criminal law<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sala Tercera<\/strong>: administrative law (contencioso-administrativo), which reviews acts of the government and the public administration<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sala Cuarta<\/strong>: labour law (social)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sala Quinta<\/strong>: military law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The court&#8217;s website also lists four special bodies. The Tribunal de Conflictos de Jurisdicci\u00f3n settles disputes between the courts and the administration; three of its members are permanent members of the Consejo de Estado. The Sala de Conflictos de Jurisdicci\u00f3n settles disputes between ordinary and military courts, and the Sala de Conflictos de Competencia decides which branch of the ordinary courts must hear a case. The special chamber of article 61 brings together the president of the court, the presidents of the chambers and the most senior and most junior judge of each chamber. It hears, among other matters, claims of judicial error by a chamber of the court and proceedings to declare a political party illegal.<\/p>\n<h2>The president and the judges<\/h2>\n<p>The court is made up of its president, the presidents of the chambers and the judges (magistrados) that the law assigns to each chamber. The president of the Tribunal Supremo also presides over the Consejo General del Poder Judicial (CGPJ), the governing body of the judiciary. The members of the CGPJ elect the president by a three-fifths majority, and the King makes the appointment. The president may be re-elected once. In October 2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.poderjudicial.es\/cgpj\/es\/Poder-Judicial\/Tribunal-Supremo\/Informacion-institucional\/Estructura-organizativa-del-TS\/Presidente-a\/\">the court&#8217;s website<\/a> names Mar\u00eda Isabel Perell\u00f3 Dom\u00e9nech as president.<\/p>\n<p>Judges are not elected by the public. Under article 117 of the Constitution they are independent, irremovable and subject only to the rule of law.<\/p>\n<h2>A short history<\/h2>\n<p>The court traces its origins to the Real y Supremo Consejo de Castilla, set up by the Catholic Monarchs as both an advisory council and a high court. The modern court was created by the Cortes of C\u00e1diz by decree of 17 April 1812, after the Constitution of that year separated the judicial power from the others. War and the return of Fernando VII left it without effect. In 1834 Queen Isabel II abolished the old councils and re-established the court by royal decree of 24 March.<\/p>\n<p>A decree of 6 May 1931, under the Second Republic, reorganised the court into five chambers, and the Constitution of 1978 gave it its present definition. The court&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.poderjudicial.es\/cgpj\/es\/Poder-Judicial\/Tribunal-Supremo\/Informacion-institucional\/Historia-del-TS\/\">history page<\/a> gives more detail.<\/p>\n<h2>The building: the Salesas Reales<\/h2>\n<p>The seat of the court is the former Salesas Reales convent. B\u00e1rbara de Braganza, wife of Fernando VI, founded it in 1748 as a school for girls of noble families and as a place to retire to if she outlived the king. In 1870 the convent became the Palace of Justice, while its church stayed open for worship.<\/p>\n<p>The convent church is now the parish church of Santa B\u00e1rbara, at Calle de General Casta\u00f1os, 2. The king and queen are buried there in a mausoleum designed by Sabatini. Madrid&#8217;s tourist board lists free entry, with opening hours from Monday to Friday of 9am to 1pm and 5.30pm to 8pm. More detail is in the post on the <a href=\"\/articles\/iglesia-de-santa-barbara-madrid\/\">Iglesia de Santa B\u00e1rbara<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Visiting and practical details<\/h2>\n<p>The court is a working building and has no regular visiting hours. Its website offers a virtual visit and has a section on open days (Jornadas de puertas abiertas) for 2026; dates and booking conditions are published there.<\/p>\n<p>The nearest Metro stations are Alonso Mart\u00ednez (lines 4, 5 and 10), Chueca (line 5) and Col\u00f3n (line 4).<\/p>\n<p>For law and politics students, the court pairs well with the other institutions of the State in the city centre, such as the <a href=\"\/articles\/palacio-de-las-cortes-madrid\/\">Palacio de las Cortes<\/a>, seat of the Congress of Deputies, and the <a href=\"\/articles\/palacio-del-senado-madrid\/\">Palacio del Senado<\/a>. Those thinking of a law degree in Spain can look through the <a href=\"\/study-abroad\/universities2-ES-en-cu.htm\">universities in Spain<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Spain&#8217;s Tribunal Supremo does, its five chambers, how its president is chosen, its history since 1812 and its seat in the Salesas Reales in Madrid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-spain-tourism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tribunal Supremo, Supreme Court of Spain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What Spain&#039;s Tribunal Supremo does, its five chambers, how its 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