Do doctors choose where they do residency?

Yes, doctors choose which residency programs to apply to and rank, but the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) algorithm ultimately decides the placement, creating a match between their ranked list and the programs' ranked lists, so it's a process of selection and matching, not guaranteed choice, especially for competitive specialties/locations. Medical students apply, interview, and then submit rank-order lists (ROLs) of their preferred programs; programs do the same for applicants. The NRMP's algorithm then pairs them, meaning you don't just pick a spot and go, but rather hope the system matches you with your top-ranked, mutually desired program.

Do you get to pick where you do your residency?

You don't have absolute control of where you match. About half of US seniors get their #1 choice of residency, but that depends on getting an interview there in the first place. The stronger your application is, the more likely you'll train at the program you want.

Do doctors usually stay where they do their residency?

Resident retention by state

The AAMC data shows that 58.6% of physicians who completed training in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited programs between 2014 and 2023 are now practicing in the same state where they completed residency.

How important is location for residency?

The most important factors preventing residents from choosing a residency were location, academic competitiveness of the program, and program organization. The least important were salary, the number of patients and different pathologies, and the number of cases and procedures.

What is the hardest residency to get into?

The hardest medical residencies to get into consistently include Dermatology, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Otolaryngology (ENT), Radiation Oncology, Interventional Radiology, and Cardiothoracic Surgery, due to high demand, limited spots, intense competition, high USMLE scores required, and prestigious work-life balance/income potential, with Neurosurgery often cited as the most demanding due to complex, high-stakes training.
 

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What doctor makes $500,000 a year?

Doctors in surgical and high-demand procedural specialties frequently earn over $500,000 annually, with top earners often being Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Cardiology, and Thoracic Surgery, driven by complex skills, high demand (especially with aging populations), and lucrative elective procedures or emergency needs. Other fields like Radiology, Gastroenterology, Urology, and Anesthesiology also see average incomes exceeding this threshold.
 

What doctor has the easiest residency?

Some medical specialties, like family medicine, psychiatry, and pediatrics are less competitive, with more residency slots available, making them easier to get into. Specialties like orthopedics and plastic surgery are very competitive because of the rigorous requirements and limited number of residency spots.

What are red flags for residency?

Residency red flags are issues in an applicant's record like failed licensing exams (USMLE/COMLEX), low board scores, poor clinical evaluations, significant gaps in education, or professionalism problems (disciplinary actions, criminal history), which can signal potential challenges for residency programs; however, these can often be addressed by providing explanations, demonstrating improvement, and highlighting growth. Other flags include weak letters, generic statements, or a poor match between goals and specialty.
 

Do residents work 7 days a week?

These limitations mean residents can work no more than 80 hours per week, no more than 24 consecutive hours on duty, cannot be on-call more than every third night, and should have one day off per week.

Is residency harder than med school?

Yes, residency is generally considered harder than medical school, but in a different way; medical school is academically intense with exams, while residency trades academic pressure for real-world responsibility, longer hours, physical exhaustion, critical patient-care decisions, and emotional stress, though it's where you truly become a doctor. Residency shifts focus from book learning to hands-on, high-stakes clinical practice, often involving 80+ hour weeks, overnight calls, and constant responsibility for patients' lives, making it more draining on stamina and time. 

Do doctors get paid while doing their residency?

Yes, doctors absolutely get paid during residency, but it's a salary/stipend for their on-the-job training, not a full physician's wage, typically ranging from around $60,000 to over $70,000 annually, increasing slightly each year, with benefits like health insurance included. While they earn money, it's often seen as modest given the long hours, with compensation varying by location and specialty, notes the American Medical Association (AMA) and Medscape.
 

How old are most doctors when they finish residency?

The average age for doctors finishing residency in the U.S. is around 29 to 30, typically after 3-7 years of training post-medical school (which starts around age 26). However, this varies significantly by specialty, with shorter programs (like Family Medicine or Pediatrics) finishing younger (around 29) and longer ones (like Neurosurgery or Plastic Surgery) finishing closer to 32-33; those pursuing additional fellowships can be in their mid-30s.
 

What is the lowest rank of a doctor?

The lowest rank of a fully qualified doctor in the US hierarchy is often an intern (first-year resident) or junior resident, following medical school, while in the UK it's a foundation doctor, both undergoing initial postgraduate training under supervision before becoming independent specialists or general practitioners. They work under senior residents and attending physicians, handling patient care tasks but still learning.
 

What happens if you don't match anywhere for residency?

What Happens to Medical Students Who Don't Match? Med students who don't receive a match through Main Residency Match are eligible to reapply for a different specialty through the Supplemental Offer and Acceptance Program (SOAP).

What is the 32 hour rule in medical school?

The "32-hour rule" in medical school admissions refers to a policy where some medical schools focus on an applicant's GPA from their most recent 32 credit hours, often in science courses, instead of their entire undergraduate GPA, benefiting students with a strong upward trend or a solid post-baccalaureate performance. Schools like Wayne State University and LSU Health New Orleans use variations of this to give more weight to recent academic efforts, allowing strong performance in later coursework or post-bacc programs to shine. 

Can you switch residency locations?

Networking, reaching out to residency directors and searching online are commonly cited approaches to making the switch. If you're happy with your training location but want to switch specialties, starting at the hospital or institution where you are already training can make for a smooth transition.

How much do 2 year residents make?

Second-year (PGY-2) medical residents typically earn between $60,000 to over $90,000 annually, with averages often landing in the $60,000s to $70,000s, depending heavily on the institution, location (e.g., high-cost-of-living areas pay more), and specialty, with salaries increasing each year of training. 

How much free time is in residency?

In most programs, residents receive 3-4 weeks of vacation per academic year where they're free from educational and clinical work. Depending on your program, this may come in the form of 2-week stretches, 1-week stretches, or a combination. This is your best opportunity in residency to go somewhere for vacation.

Is being a doctor a 9 to 5 job?

No, most doctors do not work a standard 9-to-5; their hours are often long, irregular, and include nights, weekends, and on-call shifts, varying greatly by specialty, with roles like ER or OB/GYN having less fixed schedules, while some outpatient or VA physicians might find more 9-to-5 opportunities, though still typically exceeding 40 hours weekly. 

Can you get rejected from residency?

Unfortunately, there is a very real chance that many medical students won't match for a residency program. Due to the rising number of students in medical school but a stagnant amount of residency programs available, not matching with a position is becoming more common among students across the world.

What are the 5 D red flags?

💡 The 5D's: Dizziness, Diplopia (double vision), Dysarthria (speech difficulties), Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties), and Drop attacks (sudden falls).

What looks good on a residency application?

In terms of your personal qualities, your letters of rec, personal statement, professionalism, and perceived commitment to the specialty you're applying in are all frequently used and highly weighted (and about evenly prioritized with your academic stats).

Who is the lowest paid doctor?

The lowest-paid doctor specialties consistently fall in primary care and certain pediatric subspecialties, with Pediatrics often cited as the lowest overall, followed by Public Health/Preventive Medicine, Family Medicine, and pediatric subspecialties like Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases. These roles offer lower compensation than surgical or high-demand adult specialties, often due to the broad nature of primary care and the focus on children's health, though they provide excellent work-life balance for many.
 

How old are most doctors after residency?

The average age for doctors finishing residency in the U.S. is around 29 to 30, typically after 3-7 years of training post-medical school (which starts around age 26). However, this varies significantly by specialty, with shorter programs (like Family Medicine or Pediatrics) finishing younger (around 29) and longer ones (like Neurosurgery or Plastic Surgery) finishing closer to 32-33; those pursuing additional fellowships can be in their mid-30s.
 

What is the happiest physician specialty?

According to a 2025 Medscape-based survey, some of the happiest specialties reported are Allergy & Immunology (94 %), Pathology (88 %), Dermatology (87 %), Public Health & Preventive Medicine (87 %), and Psychiatry (87 %). Medscape Physician Mental Health & Well-Being Report.