What is curriculum according to Oliver?

According to Albert I. Oliver in his work, particularly Curriculum Improvement: A Guide to Problems, Principles, and Process (1977), curriculum is defined as “the educational program of the school”.

What is curriculum according to Oliva?

Oliva (1982) stated that “Curriculum is a plan or programme for allexperiences which the learner encounters under the direction of the school.” Carter V. Good (1959) defined curriculum as “a general overall plan of thecontent. or specific materials of instruction that the school should offer thestudent by way.

What is the Albert Oliver curriculum?

Albert Oliver (1977) says, “Curriculum is the educational program of the school” and divided into four basic elements: 1) program of studies, 2) program of experiences, 3) program of service, 4) hidden curriculum.”

What is the best definition of curriculum?

Curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned experiences where students practice and achieve proficiency in content and applied learning skills. Curriculum is the central guide for all educators as to what is essential for teaching and learning, so that every student has access to rigorous academic experiences.

What are the 4 C's of curriculum?

To develop successful members of the global society, education must be based on a framework of the Four C's: communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creative thinking.

ECML training 'CLIL and Beyond: Pluriliteracies for Deeper Learning', 2021

What are the four pillars of curriculum?

These four pillars – Learning to Know, Learning to Do, Learning to Live Together, and Learning to Be – offer a comprehensive framework that integrates academic, practical, social, and personal development.

What is the 8 4 4 curriculum?

The 8-4-4 system that consists of 8 years of primary education, 4 years of secondary education, and 4 years of university education is attended by students who have completed two years of pre-school education (aged 3–6 years old).

What is curriculum according to John Dewey?

John Dewey defines curriculum as a continuous reconstruction, moving from the learner's present experience out into that represented by the organized bodies of truth that we call studies… the various studies… are themselves experience—they are that of the race.

What is the basic 5 curriculum?

A Basic 5 (Grade 5) curriculum typically covers core subjects like English Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies/History, focusing on developing skills in reading complex texts, advanced math concepts (fractions, decimals, geometry), writing reports, and understanding foundational science and history, often supplemented with arts and physical education. The exact subjects and depth vary by region, but core areas remain consistent for students around 10-11 years old.
 

What is the main goal of a curriculum?

It defines learning objectives, content, methods, assessment and material, as well as arrangements for training teachers and trainers. The curriculum serves as a political and social contract that encapsulates a society's shared vision, balancing local, national, and global needs and aspirations.

Who is the father of the curriculum?

Ralph W. Tyler. Ralph Winfred Tyler (April 22, 1902 – February 18, 1994) was an American educator who worked in the field of assessment and evaluation.

What are the three types of curriculum?

There are three main types of curriculum design: subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered. Each type of curriculum design has its own strengths and weaknesses for teachers and students.

What are the 4 elements of curriculum?

The four essential elements of a curriculum are Intent (Objectives), Content, Learning Experiences, and Evaluation, which work together to define what students should learn, what they will study, how they will learn it, and how their progress will be measured. These elements provide a cohesive framework, ensuring that goals are specific, subject matter is relevant, teaching methods are effective, and outcomes are assessed.
 

What is the Oliver model of curriculum development?

Albert Oliver (1977): curriculum is “the educational program of the school” and divided into four basic elements: 1) program of studies, 2) program of experiences, 3) program of service, 4) hidden curriculum.

What are the 4 theories of curriculum?

The document discusses theories of curriculum, classifying them into four main types: structure-oriented, value-oriented, content-oriented, and process-oriented theories. Each type examines different aspects of the curriculum, such as its components, underlying values, content definition, and development processes.

What is the curriculum according to Henry?

The curriculum may be considered as the vehicle whereby and through which we. hope to enable children to achieve the objective of education." -Henry J. Otto 15 "Curriculum is the sum of the educational experiences that children have in school."

What is the new standard curriculum?

The new standards-based curriculum implemented in 2019 in basic schools, aims to equip learners to apply their knowledge innovatively to solve everyday problems. It also prioritises assessing learners' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, emphasising their achievements.

What are the 4 foundations of curriculum?

This document discusses the major foundations of curriculum, including philosophical, historical, psychological, and social foundations.

What are the seven curriculums?

The 7 types of curriculum, as defined by educator Allan A. Glatthorn, describe the different layers and experiences within education: Recommended (proposed by experts), Written (formal plans/syllabi), Taught (classroom delivery), Supported (materials/resources), Assessed (tests/evaluations), Learned (what students actually absorb), and the Hidden (unintended societal values) curriculum.
 

What is curriculum according to Paulo Freire?

Popular education theorist Paulo Freire defined praxis in education as “reflection and action upon the world to transform it.”[ 5] Curriculum as praxis engages with issues of power, privilege and oppression and centres human well-being and emancipation within the curriculum process.

What is curriculum according to some authors?

Definitions : Following are the definitions of Curriculum given by some authors. Saylor : "Curriculum is a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for persons to be educated." Pratt : "Curriculum is an organised set of formal education and/or training intentions."

What is the definition of curriculum according to Webster?

1. : the courses offered by an educational institution. the high school curriculum. 2. : a set of courses constituting an area of specialization.

What is the new curriculum for 2025?

Nigeria's New School Curriculum- Lighter Load, Stronger Minds (2025/26) Beginning in the 2025/26 academic year, Nigerian schools will teach fewer, more focused subjects across primary, junior secondary, senior secondary, and technical pathways to cut overload and deepen learning.

What are the four C's in curriculum?

The 21st century learning skills are often called the 4 C's: critical thinking, creative thinking, communicating, and collaborating. These skills help students learn, and so they are vital to success in school and beyond.

What are the 4 types of curriculum?

While there are many ways to categorize curriculum, a common framework identifies four main types: the Explicit (or Formal) (planned lessons), the Implicit (or Hidden) (unintended lessons from school culture), the Null (what's intentionally omitted), and the Extracurricular (activities like sports/clubs). Another model focuses on the stages: Intended (planned), Implemented (taught), Assessed (evaluated), and Learned (retained).